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Ska
Ska (, Jamaican ) is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s and was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae. Ska combined elements of Caribbean mento and calypso with American jazz and rhythm and blues. It is characterized by a walking bass line accented with rhythms on the upbeat. Ska developed in Jamaica in the 1960s when Prince Buster, Clement "Coxsone" Dodd, and Duke Reid formed sound systems to play American rhythm & blues and then began recording their own songs. In the early 1960s, ska was the dominant music genre of Jamaica and was popular with British mods. Later it became popular with many skinheads.〔Marshall, George (1991). Spirit of '69 - A Skinhead Bible. Dunoon, Scotland: S.T. Publishing. ISBN 1-898927-10-3)〕
Music historians typically divide the history of ska into three periods: the original Jamaican scene of the 1960s; the English 2 Tone ska revival of the late 1970s, which fused Jamaican ska rhythms and melodies with the faster tempos and harder edge of punk rock; and the third wave of ska, which involved bands from the UK, other European countries (notably Germany), Australia, Japan, South America and the US, beginning in the 1980s and peaking in the 1990s.
==Etymology==
There are different theories about the origins of the word ''ska''. Ernest Ranglin claimed that the term was coined by musicians to refer to the "skat! skat! skat!" scratching guitar strum.〔White, Timothy (1983) "Catch a Fire: The Life of Bob Marley", Corgi Books〕 Ranglin asserted that the difference between R&B and ska beats is that the former goes "''chink''-ka" and the latter goes "ka-''chink''".〔 Another explanation is that at a recording session in 1959 produced by Coxsone Dodd, double bassist Cluett Johnson instructed guitarist Ranglin to "play like ska, ska, ska", although Ranglin has denied this, stating "Clue couldn't tell me what to play!"〔Thompson, Dave (2002) "Reggae & Caribbean Music", Backbeat Books, ISBN 0-87930-655-6〕 A further theory is that it derives from Johnson's word ''skavoovie'', with which he was known to greet his friends.〔Boot, Adrian & Salewicz, Chris (1995) "Bob Marley: Songs of Freedom", Bloomsbury〕 Jackie Mittoo insisted that the musicians called the rhythm ''Staya Staya'', and that it was Byron Lee who introduced the term "ska".〔Clarke, Sebastien "Jah Music: the Evolution of the Popular Jamaican Song"〕 Derrick Morgan said: "Guitar and piano making a ska sound, like 'ska, ska,"〔Augustyn, Heather (2010). ''Ska: An Oral History'', p. 16. ISBN 0-7864-6040-7.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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